Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin proposed through his theory that music video's approach narrative form a different angle to novel's and films so traditional narrative analysis doesn't apply to them. There are 3 reasons as to why he said this:

1. Music videos are built around songs and they usually do not have traditional narrative structures
2. The singer is both the character and narrator
3. As an extension of their performance and a way to engage the audience, the singer looks directly at the camera

Repetition is key in music videos. Images are often repeated, just like the way the chorus/lines are repeated. we become more familiar with a genre when parts/ rhythms are repeated from other songs through intertextuality. Songs are played on the radio as well as the video being shown on television, so we become more familiar with the songs through repetition.

Some video's are autonomous from the music they spring from. The visualization of a song may go beyond the original meaning. If people like the video they'll want to watch it again and this promotes the music as people are watching it more. Also they promote other media products such as films. From this 3 types of relationships can be established between songs and videos:

1. Illustration: The story of the lyric is told through the video.
2. Amplification: Videos introduce new meanings that add layers of meaning to the lyrics
3. Disjuncture: There is little connection between the lyric and video/ the video contradicts the lyric

Pop videos have easily recognizable features. One feature that is common is woman being presented as objects of male desire - hip hop and R&B styles demonstrate this quite well. Sometimes instruments are represented as objects and also videos for songs written for movies feature images from the movie. Something really important that videos try to do is to appeal to as wide an audience as possible.